One of the key points in the contest between Pharaoh and God was the sixth plague. The plague of boils is often overlooked in the list of the ten plagues, since it’s a more personal and less open attack on Egypt. Yet there are two things that happen with this plague that do not happen in any of the previous ones, and they show the Egyptians that God is definitely in charge in this contest between Himself and the gods of Egypt.
The first change is seen in Exodus 9:11, where the magicians are no longer able to stand before Moses to confront him. They had already been shown to have inferior power when they could not reproduce the plague of gnats and were forced to admit that divine power was at work. Now they could not even show their faces. The power of God exhibited through Moses had rendered Egypt’s miraculous agents helpless, not only unable to defeat God’s power but unable even to confront His agents.
The more significant change is seen in verse 12, where it says “the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh.” God had told Moses at the very beginning that He would harden Pharaoh’s heart, but up to this point the Bible tells us either the Pharaoh hardened his own heart or simply that Pharaoh’s heart was hardened. Through five plagues, half of those that would occur, Pharaoh had made his own choice to resist obedience to the God of Moses, even when he had temporarily panicked and promised to do so. Now he had crossed a line, and no longer would have a choice to soften his heart and obey. Pharaoh had made his firm decision and confirmed it, so God let him have his way.
The Bible is clear that human beings are conscious, responsible agents before God. We make our own decisions, and we receive the judgment appropriate to our decisions. At the same time, God is in control, and He knows our choices and arranges all circumstances around them. This interplay between divine sovereignty and human responsibility is one of the thorniest question theologians have wrestled with through the centuries, and I believe that it is at least partly meant to be a mystery to us. We need to know that our choices are our choices, and that we can’t pass that responsibility off on anyone else, even the Lord. At the same time, our choices do not mean that God is unaware of what is happening and will happen, or that our choices cause God to have to scramble to work around our unpredictability. Pharaoh was responsible for the judgment that came on his nation, but God knew all along what would happen.
When we wonder how God could allow someone to become so hardened that they reject Jesus, we must remember that the choice began with them. We are all, in our essential being, sinners by nature and by choice, who would not willingly choose God without His intervention. No matter what position you hold on the role of grace in salvation, all Christians agree that grace is absolutely necessary to bring us to Christ. If we refuse to yield to His grace, we harden ourselves further. Is there a point of no return in salvation, where our choice is confirmed for all eternity? Yes, there is, but I would argue that the Bible puts that absolute point at our death. Pharaoh’s hardening had to do with the circumstances of his enslavement of Israel, not his eternity.
That doesn’t mean that we won’t meet people who are hardened against Christ at the point in their life we meet them. I’ve talked to enough people and seen enough “atheist testimonies” to believe that people can indeed be so opposed to God that they will give Him no consideration. Yet we can’t let that stop us from continuing to pray for them and witnessing to them, because, unlike the Lord, we can’t see the state of their heart. Our role is to be faithful to Jesus and follow the Holy Spirit, and trust that God will take control of each person’s situation and deal with their choices as He sees fit.